Objective To study the chemical constituents from the flowers of
Edgeworthia gardneri.
Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, AB-8 macroporous resin, sephadex LH-20, and pre-HPLC. Their structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.
Results Four compounds were isolated from the flowers of
E. gardneri and elucidated as gardnerol C (1), daphnoretin-5-
O-β
-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-
D-glucopyranoside (2), (3
S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (3), and dihydrokaempferol (4).
Conclusion Compound 1 is a new coumarin named gardnerol C, and compound 4 is obtained from the genus for the first time.
Qingfei Paidu Decoction has a remarkable clinical effect, which has been recommended by the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 6) of the National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this paper, we intend to explore the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the perspective of cold pestilence and composition mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoctionand believe that this formula can be used to relieve interior and exterior and regulate triple energizer with the functions of promoting lung qi, dispelling pathogen and detoxification, moistening dryness and resolving dampness, and purging heat by removing water. This formula is suitable for the COVID-19 in terms of the pathogenesis of cold, dryness, and dampness, and can effectively alleviate the corresponding symptoms. Therefore, it should be widely used in China to contain the spread of the epidemic.
Elderly migrants are an effective supplement to labor force in aging society. However, they do not receive ideal market return from their work. In this study, under the framework of expected income theory, we construct models depicting elderly migrant workers’ residence intention. Using data collected during 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey in nine provinces and municipalities in the eastern region, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the market return and residence intention of the elderly and young people from two aspects of income return and public welfare return. The results are as follows. (1) The expected income theory has a stronger ability to explain the young and middle-aged labor force, and a weaker ability to explain the elderly labor force; and the elderly labor market is more marginalized. (2) The growth rate of labor productivity and the ratio of the tertiary industry have a greater impact on the elderly than the young and middle-aged people, while the variables related to income, including the actual personal wage rate and monthly family income, have no significant impact, indicating that the factors related to job opportunities are the primary consideration for the residence of elderly migrant workers. (3) Welfare returns related to job opportunities have a mediating effect on the improvement of residence intention of elderly migrant workers.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious. At the early stage of the disease, cold–dampness obstructs lung, and the patients show fever, fatigue, soreness, dry cough, poor appetite, and white greasy tongue coating. During the development of the disease, the dampness toxin penetrates inward and is transformed into heat, and the dampness–heat epidemic toxin blocks pleurodiaphragmatic interspace, triple energizer, and lungs, with manifestations of chest distress, shortness of breath, exacerbation after exercise, or persistent high fever, poor appetite, bitter taste in mouth, fatigue, diarrhea, loose stool, and yellow and thick tongue coating. As the pathogen can be expelled or enters the interior to cause death at the moment, it is the crucial time to treat the disease. In this study, Haoqin Qingdan Decoction was used to clear dampness and heat, harmonize lesser yang, recover the triple energizer, remove the dampness–heat epidemic toxin, and block the further invasion of toxin inside, showing good efficacy. This prescription focuses on smoothing lesser yang gallbladder meridian and triple energizer, and regards spleen and stomach as the acquired foundation. In the prescription, Erchen Decoction harmonizes the spleen and stomach, ascends the lucidity and descends turbidity. Radix Bupleuri is added to increase its detoxification function, and Radix Paeoniae Rubra is added to activate the blood and resolve stasis. When the symptoms are alleviated, Herba Artemisiae Annuae and Talcum are often removed, and Radix Codonopsis is added to nourish the spleen and stomach and reinforce healthy qi to eliminate pathogen. Based on the cases of COVID-19 treated in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, this paper summarized some experience of applying Haoqin Qingdan Decoction.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine Lianhua Qingke Granules in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Method: A randomized controlled method was used in this clinical study. The subjects were confirmed COVID-19 patients over 18 years old with cough symptoms, and the diagnosis was based on Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 6). The subjects were randomized to a control group (usual treatment) and an observation group (in combination with Lianhua Qingke Granules, 1 bag, 3 times daily). The treatment lasted for 14 days. The primary indicator was the disappearance rate of cough.
Result: 57 subjects were included in this study, including 25 in the control group and 32 in the observation group. The disappearance rate of cough in the observation group was 90.6% (29/32), which was significantly higher than 64.0% (16/25) in the control group (
P < 0.05). The onset of action on cough was significantly earlier than that of the control group (
P < 0.05), and the median time of cough recovery was markedly shortened in the observation group (
P < 0.05). The recovery rate of expectoration in the observation group was 94.7% (18/19), which was significantly higher than 57.1% (8/14) in the control group (
P < 0.05). The onset of action on expectoration was significantly earlier than that of the control group (
P < 0.05), and the median time of expectoration recovery was markedly shorter in the observation group (
P < 0.05). The improvement rate of CT in the observation group was 96.9% (31/32), which was significantly higher than 72% (18/25) in the control group (
P < 0.05). After treatment, the oxygenation indexes of the two groups increased in varying degrees, and the increase rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (
P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the recovery rates of fever, fatigue, dry pharynx and sore throat between the observation group and the control group, and it showed that Lianhua Qingke Granules yielded a better improvement on the basis of usual treatment.
Conclusion: On the basis of routine treatment, Lianhua Qingke Granules can significantly improve the symptoms like cough and expectoration of COVID-19 patients, shorten the duration of cough and expectoration symptoms, reduce lung pathological damage, improve respiratory function, and improve such symptoms as fever, fatigue, dry throat, and sore throat.
[Background] β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) is an important component of cellulase system. At present, most β-glucosidases used in industry come from plants and fungi, but few come from bacteria, and there are some problems such as low enzyme activity, poor thermal stability, narrow reaction conditions, products inhibition, which increase the economic cost. Thermophilic microorganisms have special genetic information resources, so it is possible to excavate novel β-glucosidases with good enzymatic characterization from the genome to solve the industrial problems.
[Objective] A novel β-glucosidase gene was extracted from the genome of
Bacillus thermoamylovorans, and purified protein was obtained by gene recombination, heterologous expression and protein purification. The enzymatic characterization was studied systematically. It can lay the foundation for the application of β-glucosidase in the fields of cellulose hydrolysis.
[Methods] The recombinant plasmid pET22b-
bgl52 was constructed and transformed into
Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) by electric pulse method. The recombinant protein was expressed in soluble form and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography.
[Results] The recombinant plasmid pET22b-bgl52 was expressed in
E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified β-glucosidase Bgl52 protein was obtained. The molecular weight of the Bgl52 was 52 kD and it showed the best activity at 70°C and pH 6.5. With
p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (
pNPG) as substrate, the specific enzyme activity was (223.7 ± 5.3) U/mg,
Km was (9.3 ± 1.2) mmol/L, and
Vmax was (270.3 ± 4.3) μmol/ (min·mg). Bgl52 preferred substrate for hydrolysis of β-1,4 glycosidic bond. Fe
2+and Mg
2+activated the enzyme activity obviously. Co
2+, Cu
2+and SDS inhibited the activity of enzyme. Bgl52 is one of the few glucose and xylose-activated glucosidases. A maximal 2.84-fold stimulation by glucose was observed at 0.2 mol/L, and a maximal 3.24-fold stimulation by xylose was found at 0.4 mol/L. At the same time, under physiological conditions, Bgl52 was not substantially inhibited by the feedback of the product glucose.
[Conclusion] Using the genetic information resources contained in the genomes of thermophilic microorganisms, and through modern biotechnological methods such as gene synthesis, we can excavate the β-glucosidase with excellent enzymatic characterization. It lays a foundation for its application in cellulose degradation and other industrial fields.
At the beginning of the 21 st century, the development and utilization of underground space in Shanghai started a rapid development period, and a network and multicore based development form of underground space was fundamentally established in the central urban area. The new urban master plan of Shanghai sets the goal of basically building a global city of excellence by 2035, and thus the development and utilization of underground space resources entered a new era. The main achievements and some shortcomings of the development of urban underground space in Shanghai are comprehensively summarized, and sustainable development goals and strategies for future development opportunities and challenges are put forward. The innovative development of underground space in Shanghai will shortly focus on urban renewal and refined management, mainly including the development of underground space resources in urban renewal area, underground transportation and municipal infrastructure, the development and utilization of deep underground space resources, underground engineering technology and management mechanisms.
Starting from the understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and its syndrome characteristics at the severe stage, we believed that COVID-19 belongs to the category of lung pestilence in TCM. Its pathogenesis is pathogenic dampness, which causes abnormal functions of the spleen and large intestine or even threatens patients’ lives. The nature of this disease is deficiency in nature and excess in superficiality. As a result, the authors proposed a therapeutic strategy based on an overall intervention of lung-spleen-large intestine, namely ventilating lung, relieving dyspnea, clearing heat, resolving phlegm, invigorating spleen, replenishing qi, resolving dampness, expelling pathogen, dredging fu-organ qi, and treating both exterior and interior simultaneously. Such overall intervention helps to achieve good results.
