Supervisor(s):Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sponsor(s):Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Agricultural Society of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ISSN:1001-4330 CN:65-1097/S
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences aims to serve the agriculture and promote agricultural production in the arid areas, with highlights on the scientific and technological achievements and advanced technologies for agriculture in the arid areas.
[Objective] To investigate the effects of organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer on cotton agronomic traits, yield, and soil nutrients. [Methods] Field trials were conducted in the Anningqu Experimental Field of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuitun 130th Regimental Farm, and Jinghe County. [Results] In the three experimental areas, the treatment with organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer (T treatment) could obtain the same yield as the local conventional fertilizer treatment (CF treatment). The cotton plant height, dry matter accumulation, and yield showed no significant differences between T and CF treatments (
P > 0.05). Compared with those of CK, the boll number, boll weight, and seed cotton yield of CF and T treatments increased significantly (
P < 0.05), while the differences in lint percent and micronaire value were not significant (
P > 0.05). In terms of soil nutrients, the soil organic matter content of T treatment and CK showed a decreasing trend to different degrees, while that of T treatment remained stable or slightly increased with the growth of cotton. [Conclusion] During the entire growth period of cotton, organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer can replace conventional chemical fertilizers and meet the requirement of nutrients for the growth of cotton.
[Objective] To evaluate the fungicidal activities of eleven essential oils from common spices in China against the two fungi,
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
vasinfectum and
Fusarium moniliforme in the hope of providing a basis for the biocontrol of cotton diseases. [Method] The fungicidal activities of 11 water-distilled essential oils from 11 plants were measured with the method of mycelial growth rate. [Result] The results showed that seven essential oils exhibited fungicidal efficacy against
F. oxysporum. Four essential oils from
Cinnamomum cassia,
Allium sativum,
Nepeta cataria, and
Cuminum cyminum possessed high fungicidal toxicity against
F. oxysporum, with the EC
50 values of 22.89, 51.33, 79.71, and 101.97 mg/L, respectively. Six essential oils from
C. cassia,
Syzygium aromaticum,
A. sativum,
N. cataria,
Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and
C. cyminum possessed fungicidal activity against
F. moniliforme. Specifically, the essential oils from
C. cassia,
A. sativum, and
S. aromaticum showed stronger fungicidal activity, with the EC
50 values of 83.15, 123.33, and 99.20 mg/L, respectively. [Conclusion] The study indicates that five essential oils (
C. cassia,
A. sativum,
N. cataria,
C. cyminum, and
S. aromaticum) have the potential to be developed into natural eco-friendly fungicides for the control of cotton diseases, which provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of fungicides.
[Objective] To clarify the effects of different basal fertilizer levels on cotton seedling growth and cotton yield and to promote the rational application of cotton base fertilizer, reduce the pesticide application, and increase its efficiency. [Method] Five treatments of basal fertilizer were set, which were 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg/667 m
2. Plant samples were collected at the 2-leaf stage, 4-leaf stage, and 6-leaf stage for the determination of plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight, respectively. The growth of cotton seedlings at different fertilization levels was compared, and the yield and lint percentage of cotton were measured in the harvest time. [Result] The basal fertilizer levels had certain effects on the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and dry matter ratio of cotton. The basal fertilizer treatment of 30 kg/667 m
2 had better comprehensive index and economic efficiency. The cotton yield was positively correlated with the application amount of base fertilizer, while the lint percentage decreased with the increase in the application amount. There was no significant difference in lint yield between treatments and the basal fertilizer treatment of 30 kg/667 m
2 had the best economic benefit. [Conclusion] The five basal fertilizer application levels had little effect on the growth of cotton at seedling stage.
[Objective] To explore the effects of manure replacing chemical fertilizer on cotton growth, development, and yield. [Method] Longmian No. 3 was taken as testing material, and randomized block design was employed to evaluate the effects of the different ratios of manure to chemical fertilizer on cotton growth period, dry weight of vegetative organs, dry weight of reproductive organs, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate of flowering and bolling stage, and yield and yield components. [Result] Replacing chemical fertilizer with different manure prolonged the growth period of cotton for 2–6 days, and the use of bio-ogranic manure to replace 40% of chemical fertilizer prolonged the growth period for the longest time. The leaf area index of each treatment increased from the seedling stage to the flowering and bolling stage, and then decreased during the boll-opening stage. At the flowering and boll-opening stages, the leaf area index of T5 treatment was the largest. The application of manure had no significant effect on the photosynthetic rate at the flowering and bolling stage. The yield of conventional fertilizer treatment can be obtained by replacing chemical fertilizer with common manure and bio-organic manure. The replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by manure significantly increased cashmere length, seed cotton yield, and lint cotton yield. [Conclusion] In cotton production, manure can be used to replace some chemical fertilizer to reduce fertilizer application and increase yield and production efficiency.
[Objective] The study was designed to clarify the effects of feeding with
Aphis gossypii on the growth and development and predatory functional response of
Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata. [Methods] Based on non-transgenic cotton CCRI49, the functional response and development of different stages of
P.
quatuordecimpunctata to
A. gossypii were researched in laboratory. [Results] The results showed that the average development periods of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar and the pupa of
P.
quatuordecimpunctata were 1.73, 2.04, 1.64, 1.92, and 3.09 days, respectively. The predatory functional response of the adults and larvae of
P.
quatuordecimpunctata to
A. gossypii fit well with Holling II model. Under the same density of
A. gossypii, the predatory capacity of the 4th instar larvae and adults of
P.
quatuordecimpunctata was much higher than that of younger ones. The searching efficiency of
P.
quatuordecimpunctata decreased with the increase in prey density, while the predatory capacity went to a steady value when the prey density increased to a certain degree. [Conclusion] The development duration and pupal period of
P.
quatuordecimpunctata which preyed on
A. gossypii in the laboratory was 7.3 days and 3.1 days, respectively.
P.
quatuordecimpunctata is a potential natural enemy for
A. gossypii.
[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the safety for cotton seedlings and control effects on aphids of five insecticides for seed dressing in the hope of obtaining alternative insecticides whose control effects are superior to that of imidacloprid. [Method] We evaluated the safety of the tested insecticides for cotton seed germination rate and seedling growth at the tested dosage (4.20 g/kg seeds) by measuring the indoor germination potential of cotton seeds in 7 days and the field emergence rate in 14 days. In addition, the control efficacy and persistence of the tested insecticides at the seedling stage were evaluated by field seed dressing method. Finally, the control effects of spraying and seed dressing methods on cotton aphids were compared. [Results] Under the selected dosage, the results of indoor germination rate and field emergence rate revealed that there was no significant difference between the tested insecticides for seed dressing and CK. The five insecticides were found to be safe for cotton emergence and seedling growth. All the five insecticides could effectively control cotton aphids in the field and no significant difference was observed between the treatments within 25 days after cotton sowing. The control efficacy of these insecticides began to decline rapidly 32 days after cotton sowing. Among the five insecticides, 50% pymetrozine WG and 20% clothianidin CF had the highest control efficacy of 59.43% and 55.52%, respectively. On day 39 after cotton sowing, the control efficacy of 20% clothianidin CF was 51.09%, and the aphids per 100 plants of the remaining treatments were close to or higher than those of CK. When applied by spraying, 5% acetamiprid EC and 10% imidacloprid WP could control cotton aphids well only within 3 days, and the insecticides needed to be used again 7 days later. [Conclusion] Compared with spraying, seed dressing could effectively protect cotton from the harm of aphids. Both 20% clothianidin CF and 50% pymetrozine WG showed good effects on controlling cotton seedling aphids by seed dressing method, which could be used as alternative insecticides for the control of cotton seedling aphids.
[Objective] We measured and compared the growth period, biomass, canopy structure, yield, and fiber quality of different cotton varieties, aiming to select the cotton varieties suitable for production in southern Xinjiang. [Method] The comparison test was performed with six cotton varieties in Alaer in southern Xinjiang from 2016 to 2018. [Result] The results showed that cotton maturity, aboveground dry matter, light interception rate, and leaf area index varied among different years and different varieties, and the differences among varieties were more significant. Under the planting mode for machine-harvested cotton, Lumianyan 36 and Zhongmiansuo 57 showed early maturity; Zhongmiansuo 75, Zhongmiansuo 88, and Zhongza 7 showed medium maturity; Zhongmiansuo 60 showed late maturity. Zhongmiansuo 88 had moderate growth period, the highest leaf area index and light interception rate, and the largest aboveground dry matter, and thus it was suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang. Compared with those of Lumianyan 36, the leaf area index, light interception rate, and aboveground dry matter of Zhongmiansuo 88 increased by 31.48%–36.59%, 25.52%–28.02%, and 22.85%–29.97%, respectively. The yields of seed cotton and lint of Zhongmiansuo 88 were the highest, reaching 6 470.87 kg/hm
2 and 2 612.65 kg/hm
2, respectively. Zhongmiansuo 88 had a large number of cotton bolls with reasonable spatial distribution and significantly increased boll weight, which were conducive to yield increase. Among the fiber quality indexes, the upper half mean length, uniformity index, and fiber tenacity of Zhongmiansuo 88 were the highest, with the three-year mean values of 30.21 mm, 85.12%, and 30.48 cN/Tex, respectively. Moreover, Zhongmiansuo 88 had the lowest micronaire value and fracture elongation, which indicated good fiber quality. [Conclusion] Overall, Zhongmiansuo 88 is the most suitable cotton variety for planting in southern Xinjiang, and this study provides a theoretical basis for the cultivation of cotton with high yield and high quality in southern Xinjiang.
[Objective] With the widespread cultivation of transgenic cotton,
Sylepta derogata Fabricius has become a major leaf-feeding pest in cotton production regions along the Yangtze River. We studied the attraction of cotton and
Abutilon theophrasti to
S. derogata in this study, aiming to provide scientific reference for the green control of this pest. [Methods] The host preference of
S. derogata female adults between the cotton variety Simian 3 and
A. theophrasti was investigated with a Y-olfactometer. The components of the two collected host volatiles were analyzed and identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and then EAG was employed to test the electrophysiological response of
S. derogata adults to these specific volatiles. [Results] The results revealed that the number of
S. derogata female adults on
A. theophrasti was more than twice that on cotton, and the number of eggs laid on
A. theophrasti was 1.7 times as much as that on cotton. There were 5 different specific volatiles in the two hosts. The female adults showed strong responses to 2-ethylacetophenone and 3-ethylheptane. [Conclusion]
S. derogata female adults preferred laying eggs on abutilon, which indicated that
A. theophrasti could be used as the trap host to control this pest. Moreover, 2-ethylacetophenone and 3-ethylheptane exhibited significant attractive function, which could be developed in the future for the green control of this pest.
[Objective] To explore the effects of K and Zn fertilizers on cotton biomass, yield, and nutrient uptake under the condition of N and P reduction in the hope of providing theoretical significance for the economic benefits of cotton and the sustainable development of cultivated land. [Methods] Five treatments were set in the experiment. Treatment I: conventional fertilization (NP). Treatment II: 80% conventional fertilization (80% NP); Treatment III: 80% conventional fertilizer + potash fertilizer (80% NP + K); Treatment IV: 80% conventional fertilizer + zinc fertilizer (80% NP + Zn); Treatment V: 8% conventional fertilizer + potash fertilizer + zinc fertilizer (80% NP + K + Zn). [Results] Compared with NP, 80% NP significantly reduced the biomass, yield, and nutrient uptake and utilization of cotton; 80% NP + Zn increased the absorption and utilization of cotton biomass, yield and nutrients compared with 80% NP, while the levels were lower than those of NP. There was no significant difference between 80% NP + K + Zn and NP. [Conclusion] Under the condition of reducing fertilizer application, 80% NP + K + Zn has the best effect on improving cotton yield and economic benefits in Xinxiang.
[Objective] To promote the application and popularization of biocontrol agents and reinforce the research on reducing the chemical pesticides and increasing the application efficiency. [Method] In this study, three biolcontrol agents were selected for the prevention and control of cotton seedling diseases. The effects of the agents were compared and analyzed by toxicity test, dosage optimization, and laboratory and field disease control experiments. [Results] The results of laboratory experiments showed the three biocontrol agents that had effects on damping off and red rot of cotton, ranking in the order of 80% ethylicin, 10 billion/g
Bacillus subtilis, and 24% plant immune stimulation protein. The suitable dilution ratio of the three agents for seed treatment was 300–500. The 80% ethylicin had a high protective effect on both diseases, followed by 10 billion/g
B. subtilis, and 24% plant immune stimulation protein had significantly lower control efficacy against both diseases. Field control efficacy and benefit analysis showed that 80% ethylicin for seed dressing had the control efficacy of 62%–65% and the direct yield increase benefit of 11%, 10 billion/g
B. subtilis had the control efficacy of 54%–58% and the direct yield increase benefit of 10%; 24% plant immune stimulation protein had the control efficacy of 36%–40% and the direct yield increase benefit of 10.4%. [Conclusion] The three biocontrol agents were effective in preventing damping off and red rot in cotton seedlings, 80% of which were the best, followed by 10 billion/g
B. subtilis. The 24% plant immune stimulation protein has low control efficacy while can increase the yield.
