China Industrial Economics is supervised by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and sponsored by Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It aims to report researches on industrial economics and business management, and to reflect outstanding research results on Chinese industrial economy and enterprise development. The scope covers national economy, industrial economy and business management. The journal is included in CSSCI, and is the top journal in the field of industrial economics in China.
Reasonable distribution of urban system is a necessary condition for optimized spatial resource allocation and coordinated regional economic development. From the perspective of regional urbanization pattern, this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of polycentric development on regional income disparities. The DSMP/OLS nighttime lighting data is innovatively applied to measure the spatial structure and regional income gap within the province, and then the regional income disparities reduction effect from the polycentric development is investigated empirically. The results demonstrate that the polycentric development mode is indeed beneficial to narrowing regional income gap, and its impact intensity will gradually increase with the improvement of economic development level. Further analysis of the mechanism illustrates that the income gap reduction effect in polycentric–development areas is mainly achieved by optimizing the industrial structure of small and medium–sized cities and accelerating the flow of factors in the zone. Moreover, the intensity of this effect will be restricted by the regional level of infrastructure development. In the areas with better infrastructure, the positive influence of polycentric development on reduction effect of regional income disparities becomes more significant. This paper not only has important enlightenment on the policy making of narrowing regional income disparities in China, but also provides certain empirical basis for the selection of urbanization patterns in the future.
The theory of public ownership is presently in such a state that the classical theoretical structure still has strong attractiveness for its “pure form,” while the theory of public ownership built on the Soviet Model is increasingly losing its realistic basis. Furthermore, China’s practice has enriched the public ownership theory. The system that public ownership will be the mainstay and multiple forms of ownership will develop side by side is completely different from the public ownership system in the Soviet Model. The discrepancy between them should be viewed as a fundamental revolution rather than a marginal change. The revolution, therefore, are making us have a new understanding of socialist ownership. Theorists and practitioners in China have creatively developed the theory of ownership in a very subtle manner.
China’s economic reform and experience have continuously enriched and developed the Marxist theory of political economy. The scientific conclusion that China remains in the primary stage of socialism has followed and developed the Marxist theories on the development stages of socialist society. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has demonstrated robust vitality. China’s ownership structure not only adheres to the development of the public sector of the socialist economy, but also encourages and supports the development of the non-public sector. A mixed economy could not only promote capital concentration but also help allocate capital to the private sector, thus avoiding the polarization of wealth distribution. The theories on the policies of socialist market economy have developed the Marxist theory of political economy on the production and exchange of commodities and the law of value, transcended the traditional understanding of antagonism between socialism and the market economy, and steadily propelled China’s transition from planned economy to socialist market economy. China’s industrial structure theory and industrial policy based on resource allocation have developed the Marxist theory of political economy on expanded social reproduction.
The evolution of the employee has been an important issue in business and academic circles. From the era of industrial economy to the era of knowledge economy, information economy and smart economy, employees have constantly been in dynamic evolution. Following the main route of history, this article has summarized and analyzed the changing process of employees since the beginning of the industrial age. This article selects employees’ positioning and role as two indicators to measure employees’ attributes which may change with the continuous evolution of technology and people in the times. On the basis of the change of two indicators, this article divides the changing process of employees into periods, and analyzes the manifestations of employees’ positioning and role in each period. The article extracts four periods of employees’ changing process. The first period is Employee 1.0. In this period, employees are positioned as being managed and their role is the tool man, which reflects in the employees being controlled by machine and managers. The second period is Employee 2.0. In this period, employees are positioned as self-managers, and their role is the quasi-master, which reflects in the employees being the “SBU,” the “manager,” and the “president.” The third period is Employee 3.0. In this period, employees are positioned as the entrepreneur, and their role is the partner, which reflects in the employees being the maker partner and dynamic partner. The fourth period is Employee 4.0. In this period, employees are positioned as self-organizer and their role is the social man, which reflects in the development of the personal imperialism, the online employee development and sharing employees globally. With the process of times, employees’ positioning and role will continue to be subverted until enterprises complete the design of free man union which adapts to free activities of employees. As said by Kevin Kelly, the god father of the Internet, “the most intelligent control methods will appear as uncontrol methods.”
Production subsidy is one of the important industrial policies released by governments, and its effects on industrial upgrading have not been studied and explained. With the increasingly striking problems of - production with high energy consumption and high pollution in Chinese industrialization process, the connotation of industrial upgrading is deeply explained, and green productivity based on industrial value added, energy consumption and pollution discharge is put forward as the evaluation method of industrial transformation and upgrading. Then, the theoretical mechanism of government subsidies promoting industrial upgrading is discussed. In empirical research, the effects of government subsidies on industrial upgrading are examined by simultaneous equations with the data of industries. The generalized propensity score method is used to test the mechanism for government subsidies impacting transformation and upgrading of individual firms. The results show that government subsidies are favor of R&D investment, but the effects on industrial upgrading are limited as the innovation input of industries are still comparatively low. Export trade can force the improvement of green productivity, but exports of general products are not the main subject of government subsidies. On the way of upgrading by optimizing market structure to achieve large-scale and intensive production, government subsidies have not taken the expected effects, resulting in low concentration ratio of the industry with the expansion of small-sized firms.
The large-scale emergence and rapid decline and fall of a large number of firms are unique phenomena behind China’s economic development, which are closely linked with wage distortion against the background of China’s economic transformation. On the basis of previous research, this paper discusses the mechanism of wage distortion and population density on firm growth through a dynamic perspective of firm life cycle and uses the sample of new ventures in the database of China’s manufacturing enterprises to test the mechanism with Cox PH model and AFT model. We get the following conclusions. Wage distortion has both accelerating effect and inhibiting effect on the growth of firms. During the start-up period, the accelerating effect is relatively strong, the inhibiting effect is relatively weak, and wage distortion can promote the growth of firms on the whole. But after the start-up period, the inhibiting effect is gradually enhanced, and the accelerating effect of wage distortion is no longer significant. The population density has a negative moderating effect on the mechanism between wage distortion and firm growth, but this moderating effect is only significant in the start-up period. The above conclusions show that wage distortion can increase the survival probability of new ventures and lead to the fact that a large number of new firms may emerge under the condition of low population density. Nevertheless, the negative effect of wage distortion upon innovation and the negative moderating effect of population density will increase the exit risk of firms. To a certain extent, wage distortion and population density can explain the emergence and rapid decline of firms in China.
Servitization has become an important trend in the global manufacturing industry. Based on the data from China Industry Business Performance Database, China Customs Database and WIOD from 2000 to 2010, this paper calculates the degree of input servitization in China’s manufacturing industries, and the domestic value added ratio (DVAR) of enterprise exports. Besides, this paper analyzes the impacts and mechanisms of the input servitization of manufacturing on DVAR of enterprise exports. Results are as follows. Firstly, there is a U-shaped relationship between input servitization of Chinese manufacturing and enterprise DVAR. This is mainly due to the different impacts of input servitization on different trade types of enterprises. Specifically, the impact on export DVAR of general trade is significantly positive, while the impact on export DVAR of processing trade and mixed trade firms is U-shaped. Secondly, the impact of input servitization on export DVAR has obvious heterogeneity, which depends on the type of trade, technical level, region, type of ownership and characteristics of factor input of service;.Thirdly, the mechanism tests indicate that cost reduction and technological innovation are potential channels for the input servitization of manufacturing to raise export DVAR of firms. Fourthly, in areas or industries where the degree of marketization and service openness are higher, the input servitization of manufacturing will significantly promote export DVAR of firms. The above results have important policy implications for developing service-oriented manufacturing and enhancing the transformation and upgrading of firms’ export.
How does banking system affect enterprises’ innovation with the background of China, is not only a core question related to whether the strategy of development induced by innovation can be implemented, but also a key question of the reform direction of bank dominated financial system. In this paper, we empirically investigate the influence of banking system on enterprises’ innovation by using the structural competition among banks induced by the entrants and outlets’ expansion of joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks at the prefecture-level under the unique background of the deregulation policy of remote market entry in China. The main findings in this paper are: the significant U-shape influential effect of structural competition of bank with the background of China on enterprises’ innovation, shows its dual effects, namely, when the bank competition is not exceeded the threshold value, the structural competition among banks has negative effect on enterprises’ innovation; while exceeded, the structural competition then promotes the enterprises’ innovation. The follow-up mechanism analyses reveal that, the structural change characteristics of bank industry is the internal determinant of the remarkable U-shape relationship; the structural differences among big-five state-owned banks, joint-stock commercial banks, and city commercial banks, have heterogeneous significant effects on enterprises’ innovative activities, and superimposed effect of them is in charge of the U-shape relationship. The main findings in this paper provide important evidence to re-examine and deeply understand the relationship between the banking system in developing countries and enterprises’ innovation.
Based on the research of the trade policy uncertainty faced by China from RCEP and TPP and their impacts on the export of manufacturing industry, this paper not only provides some reference for China’s regional integration strategy, but also provides basis for the export destination and industry choice of manufacturing enterprises. Based on the tariff and trade data in 2005 and 2010, this paper compares the trade policy uncertainty between China and members of the two regional trade agreements, and analyzes their impacts on China’s manufacturing exports and its mechanism. Besides, this paper simulates the impact of joining TPP or RCEP on China’s manufacturing exports from the level of micro-products. It finds that the trade agreements between China and the members of RCEP and TPP have reduced the trade policy uncertainty faced by China and promoted the export of China’s manufacturing industry; the RTAs between RCEP members has promoted China’s manufacturing exports. Interestingly, both were realized mainly through the intensive margin. Further counterfactual simulation shows that if China joins RCEP and TPP, China’s manufacturing export growth would increase by 3.86% and 16.28% respectively. Especially, after the US withdraws from TPP, China’s manufacturing export growth rate would increase by 16.47%, which means that China should seize the opportunity to start the negotiations to join TPP. In addition, the counterfactual simulation by countries shows that if China signs the trade agreement with Mexico or Japan, the growth rate of China’s manufacturing export with the two countries would increase by 43.10% and 15.15% respectively, so China should actively sign the trade agreements with the two countries.
“Making some regions prosperous first, driving other regions to common prosperity by the first prosperous regions” is a significant national developing strategy since the reform and opening-up policy. So far, the first goal of this strategy has been realized early and some regions have already been prosperous. However, whether the second goal has been realized is left to be explored. In this paper, we argue that, except for public financial transfer payment and partner assistance, spatial spillover effect of economic growth is the main mechanism for the realization of common prosperity in the market economy. Thus, taking the year 1999 as the realizing time of the first goal and using a panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities from the year of 1999 to 2013, this paper establishes a conditional convergence model incorporating spatial spillover effect to examine whether the first prosperous regions have driven others to be collectively prosperous. The empirical results show that the valid geographical scope of this driving effect, which the first prosperous regions generate for other regions by spatial spillover effect of economic growth, is within only 390 kilometers away from the first prosperous regions. The influence of this driving effect on other regions is not even either. These results suggest that this driving effect exhibits characteristics of localization and differentiation. Therefore, from the perspective of common prosperity, on the one hand, some measures should be taken to continue promoting the development of the first prosperous regions, and meanwhile to improve the condition of spatial spillover effect from the first prosperous regions and to extend this driving scope; on the other hand, according to the growth pole theory, some new policies should be carried out to help regions beyond this driving scope to get prosperous.
