China Industrial Economics is supervised by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and sponsored by Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It aims to report researches on industrial economics and business management, and to reflect outstanding research results on Chinese industrial economy and enterprise development. The scope covers national economy, industrial economy and business management. The journal is included in CSSCI, and is the top journal in the field of industrial economics in China.
The mobile internet has a major impact on the relationship between work and family, which makes the existing theoretical model of work-family enrichment no longer applicable. Therefore, the paper firstly makes a deep analysis of the new characteristics of the relationship between work and family in the mobile internet era and the main defects of the existing theoretical model of work-family enrichment. In addition, based on the boundary theory, from the perspective of the fit between the human and the environment, namely from the perspective of equilibrium of supply and demand, taking the work flexibility-willingness and work flexibility-ability, as well as the family flexibility-willingness and family flexibility-ability, as key variables, this paper establishes the two-dimensional models of work-to-family enrichment and family-to-work enrichment respectively. Then, based on these two models, the paper further builds the grid model of work-family enrichment which is the combined state of 16 kinds of work-to-family enrichment and family-to-work enrichment with different levels and qualities. The position of individuals in the grid model of work-family enrichment can be moved, and the mobile internet also promotes the process by increasing moving chance and frequency. On the base of the grid model of work-family enrichment, the paper further proposes that when enterprises intervene in the employees’ work-family enrichment, they should spare no efforts to help employees to change from non-ideal grids to ideal grids.
With the trend of the pull production, supply chain integration and the impact of the flattening channel all that accelerated by the Internet, the traditional distributors are facing a dilemma of meager profit so much even on the run. This article argues that backward supply chain integration can help distributors to deal with “disintermediation” impact, promoting the new path of the overall reconstruction of industrial organization. Firstly, the article derived the basic model and the key advantages of “retail manufacturers,” based on the global supply chain management experiences of large business organization. Combined with the application limitation and the “re-intermediation” demand of “retail manufacturers,” this article then put forward the pattern of “distribution manufacturers” as the supplement and optimization for “retail manufacturers” model, in which the division and coordination principle inner distribution field is viewed as of great value and significance for deepening the reverse integration mechanism and revealing the differentiation and transformation strategy in the wholesale sector. Small retailers should be attached to a large leading wholesaler in order to realize reverse integration in the supply chain. As to large retailers, in addition to a direct “retail manufacturer” role, can also choose to implement “re-intermediation” strategy in specific conditions, by introducing a “third party” to implement the reverse integration strategy.
Defining relevant market is an important step in anti-monopoly enforcement. During the six years’ enforcement of Anti-Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China, the enforcement agencies have encountered difficulties in defining relevant market. Price test is an important method in defining relevant market with requirement small amount of data and simple implementation, which can be used as the optimal primary analysis of market definition and provides valid complement for other methods. In this study the authors apply price tests on a monthly price panel data of seven China’s branded domestic liquor from four cities between January 2010 and August 2013 to conduct a quantitative analysis of both the relevant product market definition and the relevant geographic market definition, which were involved in the monopoly case of Moutai and Wuliangye at the beginning of 2003. The authors employ a range of test methods to establish a comprehensive quantitative analytical framework, in order to avoid the biased market definition caused by single test method. The authors reach a conclusion that the high-end branded liquor such as 53-degree Moutai and 52-degree Wuliangye should be considered as one antitrust relevant market, and for these topline branded liquor its geographic market can be nationwide whereas for other brands the geographic market is narrower. The conclusion of the study provides not only some (ex post) support for the monopoly cases of Moutai and Wuliangye, but also empirical evidence in support of fundamental antitrust regulation work against the potential monopolistic behaviors of China’s liquor industry in the future. The study methods adopted in this paper provide useful reference for the relevant market definition in other fields using price tests.
Traditional principal-agent theory investigates simple organizations without functional division and multilayer structure. In complex organizations, agents always work in different departments, and the functional division and the departments setting have endogenously determined the directions of agents’ behaviors, which make the signals of agents’ behaviors difficult to evaluate. This paper introduces the organizational structure into the principle-agent model, and on the basis of analyzing the problems existed in the literature, constructs a model of two agents which includes organizational structure as an endogenous variable, to illustrate the relationship among the variables of organizational structure, agents’ efforts and organizational output. Conclusion is as follows: with the intensity of the incentive unchanged, the output of the organization can increase by changing the organizational structure to coordinate different agents’ efforts. Especially when the measurement costs of agents’ efforts are prohibitive, a transformation of the organizational structure, with one organizational structure superseded by another and thus one measurement method superseded by another, can reduce the internal measurement costs of an organization and increase the input-output efficiency. This model offers a new theoretical perspective to analyze the design of China’s railway transportation organizational structure from three different levels: State Council’s institutional setting of railway transportation supervision departments, organizational structure in the railway transportation industry, and railway firm’s internal organizational structure. Based on the results of the analysis of China’s railway transportation organizational structure using the theoretical model, this paper also gives some policy advice.
After the worldwide disputation about “East Asia miracle” in the mid-1990s, the new phenomenon-overcapacity of strategic emerging industries in China now attracts widespread attention to the government intervention policy once again. China industrial policy seems to fall into the circular path “stimulation extension-elimination-stimulation”. Based on the extended “2×2” Bertrand model, this paper found the theoretical mechanism through which subsidy policy show different results just because it's different implementation methods. Subsidy policy can gets more incentive effects of innovation if it implemented in a competitive way, but when the degree of market competition surpass a certain limit, ongoing subsidies would reduce the sensitivity of enterprises to the industry competition pressure, and cause the risk of “production only in order to obtain subsidies” and overcapacity. The core conclusion of this article is that there exists the “optimal space” for industrial policy which based on industry characteristics. If industrial policy deviate more from the optimal space, the policy effect would expected to be inefficient. Based on these insights, we propose a high operational and systematic optimization framework for optimizing the Chinese industrial policy.
Different from the existing studies that focused on a single city’s optimal size, this paper employs Gibrat’s law of logarithm normal distribution to test deviations between the actual size and ideal size of 287 Chinese prefecture-level cities in 2011 from the perspective of urban system, and correspondingly classifies them into relatively large, rational and relatively small cities in terms of their positive, zero or negative deviation. In common sense, those cities with more than three million populations are relatively large. Surprisingly, those medium-sized cities with an average population of one million are relatively small while the 60 least cities with less than half a million population are relatively rational. By building a utility function of urban residents, we explain how the deviation is affected by agglomeration effects from market forces and public services from governments. Multiple logistic regression is used, and the results demonstrate that the large cities are relatively large, which is jointly caused by significant agglomeration effects and sufficient public services. As for the role of agglomeration effects, positive ones such as promoting production efficiency and varieties of employment, and raising the wage level induce the over-growing of large cities while negatively crowding effects help hold them to a reasonable level. The results also reveal that the medium-sized cities are relatively small, which is resulted from deficient public services such as educational and medical services despite being affected by weakly positive agglomeration effects at the same time. In addition, the results further imply that those small cities are reasonable for their responsibility of social services rather than economic growth. Therefore, the medium-sized cities should be paid more attention in order to optimize the Chinese system of cities, because they might own bright prospects based on agglomeration effects to a certain extent.
On the bases of the discussion on occurrence mechanisms of “off-localization” and “off-manufacturing” of manufacturing OFDI, authors of this paper build a dynamic manufacturing hollowing-out model including the capital factor, and estimates with system GMM method by using China’s panel data of provinces from 2003 to 2013. The result shows that the rapid expansion of manufacturing OFDI will cause reduction in China’s manufacturing capital stock and rise in real interest rates. Then the manufacturing capital will flow into the virtual economy and the capital-labor ratio will fall, and thus the phenomenon of “off-manufacturing” will happen. Compared with the capital-incentive and technology-incentive manufacturing, labor-intensive manufacturing is highly sensitive to changes in the cost, and the capital will be squeezed more obviously by OFDI. Compared with the manufacturing structure of the eastern region, those of middle and western regions are single and more factor-intensive. OFDI will weaken the manufacturing competitive edge of middle and western regions by interest rate transmission mechanism. Under the situation of insufficient development in emerging industries, “off-manufacturing” is more prone to happen. After the financial crisis, China’s manufacturing OFDI grows more rapidly due to the need of outputting capacity, and the promoting effect on domestic manufacturing capital formation by the net inflow of capital is diminished. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding policies about how to prevent manufacturing “hollowing-out”.
