Journal of Beijing Sport University is a monthly publication sponsored by General Administration of Sport of China. Journal of Beijing Sport University incorporates the rich experience of class teaching, academic research and training experience in sports field. The journal has several columns such as sports social science, sports psychology, human sports science, physical education and so on.
Based on the rapid development of current competitive sports, in order to adapt to the new situation, this paper analyzed the air flips in five difficulty and beauty events which are floor exercise, single-hop, trampoline, diving and aerial skills, to help events learn and support from each other, and to promote events development. Literature review, interview, and video analysis methods were used in this study. Results: 1) Air flip is the skill of athlete's body rotating in one or multiple ways in the air, and it is the core skill of the five difficulty and beauty events. 2) A whole air flip includes acceleration, take off, air flip and landing in time order. 3) Floor exercise and single-hop always contain air flips one by one. 4) The development process of air flip can be divided into five phases, which are single flip phase, single rotation phase, composite flip phase, multiple or superposition flips phase, floor exercise and single-hop enlarge room with hanging string connecting phase. 5) Studing and adapting to the new international grading rules, grasping the development rule of air flip, and diging new way can develop air flip in difficulty and beauty events.
This paper analyzed "Du" in material aspect, institutional aspect and spiritual aspect of Chinese martial arts by the methods of literature review and logical analysis. We hope to further reveal special cultural connotation of Chinese martial arts by the explanation of the core value of "Du." Conclusions: Except pursuit of "holism of body and spirit" and "harmony between man and nature," the outer layer of Chinese martial arts focuses on integration with "Du," emphasizing on perception and understanding of skill movement and embodied in exact control; the middle layer emphasizes coordination of "Du," leading to propriety of behaving and represented by behavioral control in social activities; the core layer emphasizes mental analysis of "Du," pursuing holism of body and spirit in a natural way, and represented by practitioners' natural transformation from technique to Tao.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of recovery time and strength quality on post-activation potentiation (PAP). Methods: Twenty-three male college students were recruited and divided into L group (1 RM / body weight > 2) and S group (1 RM / body weight ≤ 2). PAP was induced by half back-squat of five repetitions at 90% of 1 RM with 1 min interval. Jumping height, peak power, peak impulse, and rate of force development were measured every 4 min before and after PAP. The effect of recovery time on these parameters was analyzed by repeatedly measured analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the effect of lower extremity strength on these parameters was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The effect of recovery time on PAP is significant, embodied in peak power (P < 0.05). Peak power at 4 min and 8 min after PAP was higher than that at baseline (P < 0.008), other parameters did not change (P > 0.05). There was no difference between L and S groups. Conclusions: Explosive force is improved at 4 min and 8 min after load half back-squat of five repetitions at 90% of 1 RM with 1 min interval. Lower extremity strength does not affect PAP. The improvement effect of PAP on explosive force of lower extremity is individually different.
Each time change of school physical education in China is close related to its guiding ideology. Philosophical reflection on school physical education thoughts intends to solve cognitive and practical problems in school physical education development. Based on explain connotation and meaning of philosophical reflection, this paper combed the route of school physical education thoughts development in China by the method of literature review. Conclusions: from the development trend, the root of China school physical education weakness is the introduction of Western education thoughts separated from the foundation of its philosophy; from historical origin, education thoughts based on Chinese philosophy conflict with physical education conception; from the social circumstance, utilitarianism in Western education thoughts is flooding; from the ideological recognition, negative China education thoughts have not dialectic thinking. The development of school physical education thoughts in China has the following characteristics: indifferent subjective consciousness in learning attitude; lack of rational criticism in learning content; deficiency of metaphysical spirit in implementation. In future, China should change learning attitude, play positive subject consciousness, innovate learning content, keep rational criticism attitude, focus on implementation, and carry out the metaphysical spirit when develop school physical education thoughts.
Female participation in the Olympic Games, reflected by the changes of female events, was deeply influenced by the three waves of feminism in the 20th century and evolution of the values the Olympic Games. From the two dimensions of the self-development of the Olympics and the three waves of feminism, this paper analyzed evolution of Olympic female events by the method of literature review. The conclusion is as follows: women events added in the Olympic Games were pushed by the three waves of feminism; gender justice is the logical foundation of equality between men and women in Olympic Games, which should not be determined by the increase in female events; the exploration of gender equality in the Olympic Games will be struggling under the influence of the third-wave feminism and utilitarianism.
This paper analyzed the essence of gymnastics by the methods of literature review and statistics, aiming to solve existing problems on the definition of gymnastics and enrich its fundamental theories. It put forward that the essence of gymnastics is pluralistic and hierarchical. Following the guidance of the concept hierarchy theory, it established the hierarchy classification system of the essence of gymnastics for specific analysis, that is, the formal essence, the general essence, the special essence and the single essence. The proposal of the four-layer theory can help to solve disputes over the definitions of gymnastics and prove the scientific rationality of the pluralism and hierarchy of the essence of gymnastics. The significance of the theory are described as follows: (1) It can provide the same premise for the subject to understand the object; (2) It can promote the efficiency of the subject in grasping; (3) It is conducive to preventing logic mistakes (definitions too broad or too narrow); (4) It can help to solve the disputes that the nearby genus concept of gymnastics is monistic or pluralistic; (5) The overall grasp of the four layers of the essence of gymnastics can help the subject to achieve the unity of purposiveness and regularity in practice.
This study aims to provide the newest and characteristics of highest-level technique development of Wushu routine athletes for China elite athletes, and provide valuable reference for further improvement of China Wushu routine technique training and competition rules. This paper analyzes competition results of 358 male athletes by methods of video observation and expert interview. They are the top-12 Wushu routine athletes of the finals of 2011 and 2012 National Wushu Routine Championships and the 12th National Games of China. The events in which they participated include long boxing, sabreplay, cudgel play, southern-style boxing, southern-style sabreplay, southern-style cudgel play, Taijiquan, Taijisword, swordplay and spearplay. Conclusions are as follows: 1) the final score is determined by performance skill, not by the degree of difficulty of movement since the trail implementation of new rules; 2) in recent three year, apart from an extremely remarkable difference in the score of performance skill of 2011 and 2013 men’s southern-style sabreplay and a remarkable difference in the overall score of men’s spearplay, scores of other items have no remarkable differences; 3) In the case that athletes have reached full marks in the items of quality of movement and degree of difficulty, it is difficulty for the referees to distinguish and evaluate the overall score of all athletes through performance skill. So it is indispensable for the formulation of updated competition rules.
Objective: This study analyzed elite high pile lion dance athletes’ competitive ability and determined its leading factors, characteristics and structure model. Methods: Competitive ability indexes of 60 elite high pile lion dance athletes were analyzed by literature research, investigation, experiment and mathematical statistics. Results:1) Twenty-four body shape indicators, 9 body function indicators,19 physical fitness indicators, 8 technique indicators and 18 psychology indicators of high pile lion dance athletes’ competitive ability were selected. 2) Height of lion-head athletes is higher than that of lion-tail athletes, both of their lower and upper limbs are long in perfect proportion, their shoulder is wide, hip is narrow, trunk is inverted triangle, achilles tendon is long, body circumference and muscle are moderate. 3) China elite high pile lion dance athletes have high aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, balance ability, response sensitivity and space perception ability. 4) Elite high pile lion dance athletes should have large arm, waist and abdomen strengths, good explosive force of lower limbs, space perception ability, high sensitivity and coordination. 5) Jumping from single pile with 180° left turn is a rotary displacement factor, movement execution score is a movement specification factor, and both of them reflect the athlete’s ability of movement difficulty and athletes’ whole technique level. 6) Indomitable willpower, good pre-match emotion control ability and better cognitive ability are three factors that the elite high pile lion dance athletes should have. 7) By using the methods of factor analysis, regression analysis and theory knowledge, typical evaluation system of elite high pile lion dance athletes’ competitive ability is determined, its structure model is established, and it can reflect the leading factors of competitive ability comprehensively, systematically and accurately. This paper hoped to provide training target system for development of high pile lion dance, and provide scientific basis for athlete selection of high pile lion dance.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of treadmill exercise on myostatin (MSTN) signaling pathway of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in obese rats induced by high-fat diet. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group with standard rodent chow and high-fat diet group with high-fat rodent chow. Sixteen normal rats and 16 obese rats were selected from those two groups after 8 weeks, and were randomly divided into sedentary control group (SC,
n = 8), exercised control group (EC,
n = 8), sedentary obese group (SO,
n = 8) and exercised obese group (EO,
n = 8). The rats in EC and EO groups underwent treadmill exercise 60 min per day, 5 days per week at the speed of 21 m/min, 8 weeks in total. Meanwhile, the rats in SC and SO groups underwent free running on the treadmill 60 min per day, 5 days per week at the speed of 0 m/min, 8 weeks in total. Body weight, TG, TC, HDL and LDL of rats were detected. And their WAT (perirenal, epididymal) and BAT were dissected and weighed. The mRNA expression levels of
MSTN and
ActRⅡB of the WAT and BAT were tested by RT-PCR. Results: 1) Compared with SC, the body weight of EC decreased significantly (
P < 0.05) while the BAT weight and the HDL of EC increased (
P < 0.01,
P < 0.05); the body weight, WAT, TC, TG and LDL of SO significantly increased (
Ps < 0.05), but the HDL of SO significantly decreased (
P < 0.05). Compared with SO group, thr body weight, WAT weight and TG of EO significantly reduced (
P < 0.05). 2) Compared with SC, the
ActRⅡB in WAT of EC group decreased and the
MSTN of SO group increased (
Ps < 0.01), but both of them of EO decreased compared with those of SO (
Ps < 0.01). Compared with SC, the
MSTN in BAT of EC group increased but the
ActRⅡB in BAT of EC and SO decreased (
Ps < 0.01). Compared with SO, the
MSTN and
ActRⅡB of EO increased (
Ps < 0.01). Conclusion: The effect of eight weeks of treadmill exercise on WAT and BAT weights of obese rats induced by high-fat diet may be because of MSTN signaling pathway.
This paper analyzed profits and risk of Winter Olympics broadcast right, which acquired by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Organizing Committee For The Olympic Games (OCOGs), and broadcasters by the methods of literature review, comparison and induction, then put forward some concrete measures for risk management. The general return includes two aspects: namely, further promoting Olympic Games around the world, allocating economic income to all participators and ensuring the financial independence and stability of Olympic Games. The risks are: huge cost of purchasing TV broadcast right, time difference, benefits of US TV broadcaster, and enlarged scale of Winter Olympics. The concrete measures of risk management include: thoroughly conducting the spirits of the
Olympic Chapter; conforming the
Host City Contract for the Olympic Winter Games and
Guidelines of Media; the mutual consultation of the parties concerned; selling TV broadcast rights with internet and mobile phone broadcast right; and increasing other income of OCOGs. This research provided references for related theoretical study and practice of Olympic TV broadcast right.
