甘肃小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶形态-光合生理特征对淹水的响应
【摘要】盐沼湿地植物叶片功能性状对淹水的响应分析,有助于探究植物叶片可塑性机制与光合生理特征间的内在关联性,对深入理解盐沼湿地植物的生境抗逆性策略具有重要意义。根据小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水持留时间长短分别设置:轻度淹水区(静水持留30–90天)、中度淹水区(静水持留90–150天)、重度淹水区(静水持留150–210天)3个试验样地,以盐地风毛菊(Saussurea salsa)为研究对象,研究了小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶片功能性状对淹水的响应。结果表明:随着静水持留时间的增加,轻度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态上采用小比叶面积(SLA)的肉质化小叶模式,光合生理上具有高实际光合效率(Y(II))和低调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NPQ))的协同变异;重度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态和光合生理上则采用与轻度淹水区完全相反的协同变异策略;在3个样地中,SLA与Y(II)、光化学淬灭(QP)和Y(NPQ)间均呈极显著相关关系;叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量与调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NO))均呈显著正相关关系。小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水时空演变格局影响下,盐地风毛菊种群通过改变叶面积、叶厚度和SLA等叶片形态特征,适时调整叶片Y(II)和Y(NPQ)等光合生理特征,实现植物叶片光合碳同化产物的收支平衡,表现出对水盐异质性环境较强的耐受性,反映了盐沼湿地植物在极端生存环境下的叶片可塑性和抗逆性机制。
【关键词】 叶性状;比叶面积;实际光化学效率;风毛菊;小苏干湖;
【DOI】
【基金资助】 国家自然科学基金(41861009和41461013);
Morphological and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Saussurea salsa in response to flooding in salt marshes of Xiao Sugan Lake, Gansu, China
【Abstract】 Aims The response of plant leaf functional traits to flooding in salt marshes is not only helpful in exploring the internal correlation between leaf plasticity mechanism and photosynthetic characteristics, but also of vital significance for gaining a deep understanding on the stress resistance strategies of plants in salt marsh wetlands. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of leaf functional traits of Saussurea salsa to flooding with the changes of water-logging durations. Methods The research site was located in provincial migratory bird nature reserve (39.22°–39.35°N, 94.45°–94.59°E) in Xiao Sugan Lake, Gansu Province, China. A sampling belt was selected from the edge of the lakeshore to the end of the perennial tidewater line in the low-lying area along the north side of Xiao Sugan Lake. The duration of water-logging in the salt marsh wetland was measured based on the water level marked by the flood rise and retreat marks in Xiao Sugan Lake over the years. The sample belt was divided into three plots according to the water-logging duration: low flooding area (water-logging duration: 30–90 days), medium flooding area (water-logging duration: 90–150 days), and deep flooding area (water-logging duration: 150–210 days). Six subplots (2 m × 2 m) of S. salsa were selected from each of the three plots, and thus a total of 18 subplots were included in this study. We investigated the population traits of S. salsa, soil moisture, and soil electrical conductivity (EC). Six plants per subplot were selected for measurements of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. The leaf samples collected from each of the six plants were taken to the laboratory for measurements of leaf traits (leaf area, thickness, dry mass, and chlorophyll content). Important findings The results showed that S. salsa changed the covariation strategy of leaf morphology and photosynthesis with the extension of water-logging duration. In the low flooding area, S. salsa adopted the fleshy lobular pattern with small specific leaf area (SLA), high photochemical efficiency of photosynthetic system II (PSII) [Y(II)], and low quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)]. However, the S. salsa growing in the deep flooding area adopted a completely opposite covariation strategy in leaf morphology and photosynthesis compared with that grew in the low flooding area. We observed significant correlations between SLA and Y(II), between photochemical quenching (QP) and Y(NPQ), as well as significant positive correlations of the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation [Y(NO)] with chlorophyll a content (Ca) and chlorophyll b content (Cb) in all of the three plots. Under the influence of the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of still water in the flooded area of Xiao Sugan Lake, the S. salsa population achieved the balance of the photosynthetic carbon budget by changing the leaf morphological traits, such as leaf area, leaf thickness, and SLA, and timely adjusting the photosynthetic characteristics, such as Y(NPQ) and Y(II).
【Keywords】 leaf traits; specific leaf area; actual photochemical efficiency of PSII; Saussurea salsa; Xiao Sugan Lake;
【DOI】
【Funds】 National Natural Science Foundation of China (41861009 and 41461013);
-
References
Adebowale A, Naidoo Y, Lamb J, Nicholas A (2014). Comparative foliar epidermal micromorphology of Southern African Strychnos L. (Loganiaceae): Taxonomic, ecological and cytological considerations. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 300, 127–138.
Bai XF, Bu QM, Tan YQ, Zhu JJ, Liu LD (2012). Effect of NaCl on photosynthesis and water status in arrow leaf saltbush under osmotic stress. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 47, 500–507 (in Chinese).
Brodribb TJ, Jordan GJ (2011). Water supply and demand remain balanced during leaf acclimation of Nothofagus cunninghamii trees. New Phytologist, 192, 437–448.
Campitelli BE, Stinchcombe JR (2013). Natural selection maintains a single-locus leaf shape cline in ivyleaf morning glory, Ipomoea hederacea. Molecular Ecology, 22, 552–564.
Cornelissen JHC, Lavorel S, Garnier E, Díaz S, Buchmann N, Gurvich DE, Reich PB, ter Steege H, Morgan HD, van der Heijden MGA, Pausas JG, Poorter H (2003). A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 51, 335–380．
di Bella CE, Striker GG, Escaray FJ, Lattanzi FA, Rodríguez AM, Grimoldi AA (2014). Saline tidal flooding effects on Spartina densiflora plants from different positions of the salt marsh. Diversities and similarities on growth, anatomical and physiological responses. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 102, 27–36.
Gao Y, Xia JB, Chen YP, Zhao YY, Kong QX, Lang Y (2017). Effects of extreme soil water stress on photosynthetic efficiency and water consumption characteristics of Tamarix chinensis in China’s Yellow River Delta. Journal of Forestry Research, 28, 491–501.
Gimeno V, Syvertsen JP, Simón I, Nieves M, Díaz-López L, Martínez V, García-Sánchez F (2012). Physiological and morphological responses to flooding with fresh or saline water in Jatropha curcas. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 78, 47–55.
Gong CM, Bai J, Deng JM, Wang GX, Liu XP (2011). Leaf anatomy and photosynthetic carbon metabolic characteristics in Phragmites communis in different soil water availability. Plant Ecology, 212, 675–687.
Jin Y, Wang CK (2015). Trade-offs between plant leaf hydraulic and economic traits. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 1021–1032 (in Chinese).
Kalaji HM, Govindjee, Bosa K, Kościelniak J, ŻukGołaszewska K (2011). Effects of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and CO2 assimilation of two Syrian barley landraces. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 73, 64–72.
Kang SZ, Zhang JH (2004). Controlled alternate partial rootzone irrigation: Its physiological consequences and impact on water use efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 2437–2446.
Larcher W (1995). Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups. 3rd ed. Springer Verlag, New York, Berlin.
Li Q, Zhao CZ, Yao WX, Wang JL, Zhang WT (2018). The relationship between transpiration rate and leaf traits of Phragmites australis in response to soil moisture in Zhangye wetland. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 37, 1095–1101 (in Chinese).
Li Q, Zhao CZ, Zhao LC, Wang JL, Zhang WT, Yao WX (2017). Empirical relationship between specific leaf area and thermal dissipation of Phragmites australis in salt marshes of Qinwangchuan. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 41, 985–994 (in Chinese).
Li R, Jiang ZM, Zhang SX, Cai J (2015). A review of new research progress on the vulnerability of xylem embolism of woody plants. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 838–848 (in Chinese).
Liao FY, Li HM, He P (2004). Effect of high irradiance and high temperature on chloroplast composition and structure of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Photosynthetica, 42, 487–492.
Liu X, Li LM, Li MJ, Su LC, Lian SM, Zhang BH, Li XY, Ge K, Li L (2018). AhGLK1 affects chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in peanut leaves during recovery from drought. Scientific Reports, 8, 2250. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20542-7.
Mao W, Li YL, Zhang TH, Zhao XY, Huang YX, Song LL (2012). Research advances of plant leaf traits at different ecology scales. Journal of Desert Research, 32 (1), 33–41 (in Chinese).
Maxwell K, Johnson GN (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence—A practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 659–668.
Milla R, Reich PB (2007). The scaling of leaf area and mass: The cost of light interception increases with leaf size. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, 2109–2115.
Ogburn RM, Edwards EJ (2012). Quantifying succulence: A rapid, physiologically meaningful metric of plant water storage. Plant, Cell & Environment, 35, 1533–1542.
Sánchez E, Scordia D, Lino G, Arias C, Cosentino SL, Nogués S (2015). Salinity and water stress effects on biomass production in different Arundo donax L. clones. Bio Energy Research, 8, 1461–1479.
Schreiber U (2004). Pulse–amplitude–modulation (PAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method: An overview. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee eds. Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 279–319.
Schreiber U, Bilger W, Neubauer C (1994). Chlorophyll fluorescence as a nonintrusive indicator for rapid assessment of in vivo photosynthesis. In: Schulze ED, Caldwell MMeds. Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 49–70.
Scoffoni C, Rawls M, McKown A, Cochard H, Sack L (2011). Decline of leaf hydraulic conductance with dehydration: Relationship to leaf size and venation architecture. Plant Physiology, 156, 832–843.
Sello S, Meneghesso A, Alboresi A, Baldan B, Morosinotto T (2019). Plant biodiversity and regulation of photosynthesis in the natural environment. Planta, 249, 1217–1228.
Shi SB, Shang YX, Shi R, Zhang B (2012). Responses of PSII photochemistry efficiency and photosynthetic pigments of Saussurea superba to short-term UV-B-supplementation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 36, 420–430 (in Chinese).
Song LL, Fan JW, Wu SH, Zhong HP, Wang N (2012). Response characteristics of leaf traits of common species along an altitudinal gradient in Hongchiba Grassland, Chongqing. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32, 2759–2767 (in Chinese).
van den Brink FWB, van der Velde G, Bosman WW, Coops H (1995). Effects of substrate parameters on growth responses of eight helophyte species in relation to flooding. Aquatic Botany, 50, 79–97.
Wang T, Hu JT, Wang RQ, Liu CH, Yu D (2018). Tolerance and resistance facilitate the invasion success of Alternanthera philoxeroides in disturbed habitats: A reconsideration of the disturbance hypothesis in the light of phenotypic variation. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 153, 135–142.
Wang XK (2006). Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments. 2nd edn. Higher Education Press, Beijing. 134–136 (in Chinese).
Wang Y, Wei XL (2010). Advance on the effects of different light environments on growth, physiological biochemistry and morphostructure of plant. Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology, 29, 353–359, 370 (in Chinese).
Wang YF, Liu QQ, Pei ZY, Li HY (2012). Correlation between altitude and reproductive allocation in three Saussurea species on China’s Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 36, 39–46 (in Chinese).
Wei ZG, Wang YC (2015). The Corresponding Mechanisms of Plant Drought Stress. Science Press, Beijing. 8–11 (in Chinese).
Ye NN, Shen NP, Shang TQ, Gao HD, Guan JR, Yi LT (2017). Vegetation structure and internal relationship between distribution patterns of vegetation and environment in ecological service forest of Rui’an city in Zhejiang Province. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 52, 496–510 (in Chinese).
Zhang HY, Xie BT, Duan WX, Dong SX, Wang BQ, Zhang LM, Shi CY (2018). Effects of drought stress at different growth stages on photosynthetic efficiency and water consumption characteristics in sweet potato. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 29, 1943–1950 (in Chinese).
Zhang YQ, Liang CZ, Wang W, Wang LX, Peng JT, Yan JC, Jia CZ (2010). Soil salinity and Achnatherum splendens distribution. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 29, 2438–2443 (in Chinese).
Zhao KF, Li FZ, Zhang FS (2013). Chinese Halophytes. 2nd edn. Science Press, Beijing. 71–74 (in Chinese).
ISSN:1005-264X
CN:11-3397/Q
Vol 43, No. 08, Pages 685-696
August 2019
Downloads:2
