常绿阔叶林林冠环境对栲幼苗建成的影响
【摘要】植物幼苗建成阶段是决定种群自然更新的关键生活史阶段。研究林冠环境对常绿阔叶林优势种幼苗建成阶段的影响对该类森林的恢复和管理具有重要意义。2014–2016年, 该研究在重庆市缙云山国家级自然保护区的常绿阔叶林的不同林冠环境 (大林窗:>150 m2, 中林窗:100–150 m2, 小林窗:50–100 m2, 对照:林下) 下进行栲 (Castanopsis fargesii) 种子野外播种实验, 并对栲幼苗命运和生长情况进行了3年的持续监测。结果表明: (1) 栲幼苗出土时间从7月持续到12月, 出苗时间较长, 大林窗对幼苗出土具有延迟作用; (2) 栲种子野外平均萌发率为 (62.8±2.0) %, 第3个生长季 (2016年) 末幼苗平均存活率为 (65.1±2.2) %, 枯萎是栲幼苗死亡的主要原因; (3) 林冠环境对栲种子萌发率及第1个生长季 (2014年) 末的幼苗存活率无显著影响, 对第2个 (2015年) 和第3个生长季末的幼苗存活率具有显著影响; (4) 林冠环境在第1个生长季对幼苗生长无明显影响, 但在第2个和第3个生长季具有显著影响, 大、中林窗中幼苗总生物量、株高、基径、根长和叶片数显著高于林下, 比叶面积显著低于林下; (5) 3个生长季内, 4类林冠条件下栲幼苗的叶质量比和茎质量比升高, 根质量比和根冠比降低, 并且从第2个生长季开始大林窗中栲幼苗的叶质量比显著高于林下, 根质量比和根冠比显著低于林下。栲幼苗早期的存活和生长依赖种子储存的能量, 受林冠条件影响较弱, 后期则依赖光合作用, 受林冠条件影响较强, 从整个幼苗建成过程看, 大、中林窗更有利于栲幼苗定居。
【关键词】 林冠环境; 种子萌发; 幼苗建成; 生长; 栲;
【DOI】
【基金资助】
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ISSN:1005-264X
CN:11-3397/Q
Vol 43, No. 01, Pages 55-64
January 2019
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