Supervisor(s):China Association for Science and Technology Sponsor(s):China Society of Plant Protection；Institute of Plant Protection, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of China ISSN:0529-1542 CN:11-1982/S
Plant Protection, the 1st in Plant Protection, is supervised by China Association for Science and Technology, and sponsored by China Society of Plant Protection and Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Launched in 1963, it aims to promote the development of plant protection science. Its scope covers the occurrence and treatment of the diseases, pests, rodent harms of crops, fruits trees, vegetables, flowers and herbs, and the application of new pesticides, mechanical technologies and modern plant protection theories.
The journal is included in JST, CA and CSCD.
The population dynamics of Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus on different host plants was studied by using age-stage two-sex life table at constant temperature of(22 ± 1) ℃, humidity of 70% ± 5% and photoperiod of L//D=16 h//8 h. The results showed that the developmental durations of egg and larva of L. sticticalis fed on pigweed were shorter than those of L. sticticalis fed on soybean, sunflower and wheat, respectively. The male and female pupa weights of L. sticticalis fed on pigweed were significantly heavier than those of L. sticticalis on wheat, and the longevity of male and female L. sticticalis was longer than that of those on sunflower and wheat, indicating that the pigweed is the best host plant for L. sticticalis, followed by soybean, sunflower and wheat. L. sticticalis fed on pigweed had a shorter pre-oviposition duration, a longer period of oviposition, and laid more eggs than that fed on sunflower and wheat. The pre-oviposition period of females fed on pigweed was significantly longer than that of females fed on soybean, but there was no significant difference in oviposition period and fecundity. The larval survival rate calculated by using age-stage sex life table was 90% for the group fed on pigweed, which was significantly higher than other groups. The net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase for the population fed on pigweed were 84.01, 0.111 and 1.117, respectively, which was significantly higher than those of the other groups. The mean generation time of the group fed on pigweed was 55.44 d, which was significantly shorter than that of L. sticticalis fed on other hosts. Based on the life table parameters, the population dynamics within 90 days was predicted, suggesting that the pigweed was the most beneficial host plant for L. sticticalis population growth.
The 2nd generation larvae of Mythimna separata occurred widely in northeast, north, Huang-huai-hai regions, northwest and southwest of China and serious damage was found in part of Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Ningxia and Sichuan provinces. The 3rd generation larvae of armyworm occurred seriously in northeast, north, and Huang-huai-hai regions, and seriously damage was found in part of Heilongjiang, Liaoning Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Shandong provinces. Among the occurrence area of 2nd generation and 3rd generation, M.separata with high population density resulted in serious damages on many crops such as maize, wheat, millet and rice. This paper summarizes the occurrence characteristics of M. separata in 2018 and analyzes the related factor such as distribution of rainfall, upper air flow, field ecology and control measures. This paper will provide reference for monitoring and forecasting of M. separata in the future.
Migratory pests such as rice planthopper and rice leaf roller and their transmitted viral diseases are important cross-border and epidemic diseases and insect pests in China and Indo-China Peninsula countries such as Vietnam and Thailand. On the basis of establishing a cross-regional monitoring and early warning system for major rice diseases and insect pests in China, the establishment of a cross-regional monitoring and early warning system for major rice diseases and insect pests between China and neighboring countries is of great significance for improving the early prediction of rice migratory pests and their transmitted viral diseases in China and enhancing the initiative of prevention and control. Since the 1950s, China has gradually constructed a relatively perfect national monitoring and early warning network system for major rice diseases and insect pests by building a system structure, rationally laying out the monitoring sites, defining the tasks of the sites, implementing information sharing and carrying out joint early warning, so as to improve the ability of early warning and control of major rice diseases and insect pests in China, ensure the national grain supply and have played an important role in “twelve successive increases” and “fourteen successive abundances”. In order to further improve the monitoring and early warning capability of major migratory pests, with the support of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, China and Vietnam have implemented the project of monitoring and controlling migratory rice pests in China and Vietnam since 2010. Both sides have carried out systematic monitoring, occurrence information communication, data communication, field investigations and technical communication of rice major diseases and pests such as migratory rice pests by setting up joint monitoring stations. The cooperation has further enhanced the early predictability and sustainable management of major rice pests and diseases in China, resulting in a 10-year downward trend in rice pests and diseases throughout the country and contributing positively to ensuring national food security. At present, while having made great progress in monitoring and early warning of major crop diseases and insect pests, we are also facing many difficulties, especially the problem of personnel reduction and inadequate abilities. For this reason, it is suggested that firstly, we should improve the support mechanism, ensure working conditions and maintain stable operation; secondly, we should increase monitoring sites, unify monitoring standards and carry out joint monitoring; thirdly, we should build information networks, report information in real time and implement information sharing; fourthly, we should promote intelligent equipment, upgrade equipment level and promote direct information collecting; fifthly, we should strengthen the technology research, clarify the rules and methods, and enhance the supporting capacity.
In order to clarify the oviposition preference of Spodoptera frugiperda and whether it poses a threat to the safe production of wheat, we used maize and wheat as test hosts to compare and analyze the oviposition preference and used the age-stage two-sex life table to obtain life table parameters of S. frugiperda feeding on maize and wheat. The results showed that S. frugiperda preferred to lay eggs on maize, and there were significant differences in the number of eggs laid on the leaves and stalks of wheat and maize (df = 102, F = 15.593, P < 0.05). The egg masses on the back of maize leaves were the most, (7.11 ± 1.55) masses per cage. The survival rates of larvae, pupae, adults, and the whole generation of S. frugiperda feeding on wheat were lower than those of S. frugiperda feeding on maize. The larval duration [(16.31 ± 0.15) days] of S. frugiperda feeding on maize was significantly longer than that [(14.66 ± 0.12) days] of S. frugiperda feeding on wheat. There was no significant difference in duration of pupa, preoviposition, and generation as well as the pupa weight and adult longevity. The longevity of female and mean eggs laid per female feeding on wheat were (16.39 ± 0.40) days and (976.31 ± 57.21) eggs, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(14.64 ± 0.32) days and (831.57 ± 30.55) eggs, respectively] of the female feeding on maize. The life table parameters showed that the net reproductive rate (363.14) of S. frugiperda feeding on maize was significantly higher than that (258.63) of S. frugiperda feeding on wheat. The intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, mean generation period of S. frugiperda feeding on maize showed no significant difference from those of S. frugiperda feeding on wheat. The results provide basic data for the prediction and effective control of S. frugiperda on wheat.
The toxicity of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) to soil nematodes and soil-borne pathogens was evaluated by laboratory bioassay, and the effect of different concentration levels of DMDS on soil physical and chemical properties and soil respiration was compared in order to explore the feasibility of DMDS as a new soil fumigation agent. The results showed that the LD50 of DMDS against soil-borne nematodes and Fusarium spp. was 4.743 mg/kg and 1.513 mg/kg, respectively, showing that DMDS had high biological activity aganist nematodes and Fusarium spp. Soil physical and chemical property data indicated that DMDS could significantly increase soil ammonia nitrogen content, inhibit nitrification process, reduce the production of nitrate nitrogen, and improve the level of plant absorbable nitrogen. The content of organic matter and electrical conductivity in the soil treated with DMDS were significantly higher than those in the control soil. The pH and available potassium content of the soil treated with fumigant were lower than those of the control. In addition, the available phosphorus content in fumigated soil was lower than that in the control, but there was no significant difference between DMDS treatments and the control. The substrate-induced respiration test of DMDS fumigation indicated that DMDS could inhibit soil microbial biomass in the early stage of the experiment. These results can provide a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific application of DMDS and making a scientific evaluation of the effect on soil microbial activity.
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a major invasive species in China. In this study, the damage and spatial distribution of S. frugiperda in wheat fields in Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province were investigated. The results indicated that the percentage of wheat damaged by S. frugiperda in the fields ranged from 30% to 100%, which significantly correlated with the average larval density (ranging from 4.8 ind./m2 to 105.6 ind./m2). The 1st to 3rd instar (early) larvae were frequently observed on wheat from seedling to tillering stage, with the percentage of 98.3%, and late larvae used to be found in wheat at jointing or filling stage, with the percentage of 75.4%. Spatial distribution analysis indicated that the early larvae showed aggregated distribution and the late larvae exhibited even distribution in wheat fields. Further, a theoretical sampling model based on larval instar and density and a sequential sampling technique in connection with larval control threshold were developed. This study indicates that S. frugiperda is a major pest in Chinese wheat productive system, and provides technical support for population density survey and control of S. frugiperda in wheat fields.
The fall armyworm (FAW) has become a major invasive agricultural pest in China and understanding of its host range is a key issue for developing control measures. The research results in laboratory at 25 °C indicated that the developmental duration of larva, pupa, and larva to adult was 19.33, 10.86, and 43.75 days, respectively. The larval survival rate, pupation rate, pupal survival rate, and emergence rate were 82.03%, 99.44%, 95.44%, and 91.44%, respectively. The fecundity per female was (637.04 ± 27.45) eggs on average, with the maximum of 1 289 eggs. The hatching rate of eggs was 81.86%, and the mating rate of females was 97.36%. The net reproductive rate (R0), generation time (T), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), population doubling time (t), and gross reproduction rate (GRR) were 587.12, 38.22 days, 0.17 d−1, 1.18 d−1, 4.16 days, and 874.22, respectively. The damage of FAW on peanut at seedling and flowering stages was investigated from June to August 2019 in Jiangcheng County, Yunnan Province. The results showed that the FAW larvae mainly fed on the growth points and young organs of peanut plants, with the damage rate of 80.00% at seedling stage and 62.00% at flowering stage. These results clearly indicate that peanut is a suitable host for FAW, and more attention should be paid to the monitoring and management of FAW in peanut fields.
