Supervisor(s): Ministry of Agriculture Sponsor(s): Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences；Chinese Association of Agricultural Science Societies CN：11-1328/S
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, the 1st in Comprehensive Agricultural Science, is supervised by Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Chinese Association of Agricultural Science Societies. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, launched in 1960, is a leading peer-reviewed and mufti-disciplinary journal and published semi-monthly in Chinese with English title, abstract, figures, tables and references. It aims to publish those papers that are influential and will significantly advance scientific understanding in agriculture fields worldwide. The scope covers Crop Genetics, Breeding, Germplasm Resources; Physiology, Biochemistry, Cultivation, Tillage Plant Protection; Soil & Fertilization, Agro-Ecology & Environment, Bio-energy; Animal Science, Veterinary Science, Agricultural Information Science; Food Science; Agricultural Economics and Management; Agricultural Sustainability.
The journal is included in JST, CA and CSCD.
Editor-in-Chief Wan Jianmin Associate Editor-in-Chief Zou Ruicang Tang HuaJun Wu Kongming Guo YuYuan Geng Xu Sun Tan Executive Editor Lu Wenru
[Objective] AM (
Arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi play an important role in improving the rhizosphere soil environment, promoting the uptake of nutrients by plants, enhancing resistance of plant, and increasing crop yield and quality. This study aimed to explore changes of community structures and colonization rates of AM fungi and to find out the main factors which affected the changes under the corn-soybean rotation system and the long-term fertilization for 38 years in a brown soil. [Method] Soil samples (0–20 cm) were taken from the six treatments of the long-term fertilization experiment in June, 2016, including (1) no fertilizer (CK); (2) chemical nitrogen input (N); (3) chemical nitrogen and phosphorus input (NP); (4) chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium input (NPK); (5) pig manure (M); (6) pig manure and chemical nitrogen and phosphorus (MNP). Then, the soil samples were analyzed by using PCR-DGGE, gel-recovery, sequencing, and trypan blue staining. Relationship of community and colonization rate of AM fungi with environmental factors was subjected to redundancy analysis (RDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). [Result] The result showed that the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AHN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), ammonium nitrogen (NH
4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO
3−-N) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) under organic fertilization treatments was significantly higher than that under the CK treatment and chemical fertilization treatments, and the trend was organic fertilizer treatments > chemical fertilizer treatments > CK treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, soil pH was decreased in chemical fertilizer treatments and increased in organic fertilizer treatments. A total of 22 bands of AM fungi from soil and 9 bands of AM fungi from root were obtained by gel-recovery, and 13 OTU were obtained by BLAST. The result of sequencing showed that AM fungus species isolated from soil samples were mainly
Glomus and Gigasporaceae, while infected AM fungi were
Glomus. The cluster analysis showed that community structures of soil AM fungi were divided into three groups under the long-term fertilization in a brown soil, namely, N treatment, organic fertilizer treatments, and other fertilizer treatments. Community structures of infected AM fungi were also divided into three groups, namely, NPK treatment, M treatment and NP treatment, and other fertilizer treatments. The spore density of AM fungi under the organic fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than that under chemical fertilizer treatments and non-fertilizer treatment, and the trend was organic fertilizer treatments > chemical fertilizer treatments > CK treatment. The trend of colonization rate of AM fungi under different fertilization treatments was NPK treatment > organic fertilizer treatments > other fertilizer treatments. RDA showed that spore density was positively correlated with soil AHN, NH
4+-N, AP, AK, DOC, and soil moisture content, and colonization rate was positively correlated with NO
3−-N content. The colonization rate was positively correlated with spore density, while diversity index of AM fungi was neither correlated with colonization rate nor spore density. CCA showed AHN, AK, DOC, and NH
4+-N significantly influenced the ribotypes of AM fungi. [Conclusion] The long-term fertilization changed community structures of AM fungi by changing the physico-chemical properties of the soil, and then affected colonization of AM fungi.
[Objective] In order to improve the metabolic mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis, several aspects of apple MdMYB32 in MYB transcription factors were studied, including the bio-informatics, the expression level and the function in the anthocyanin synthesis. [Method] We cloned the
MdMYB32 in
Malus sieversii f.
neidzwetzkyana F1 population and analyzed its phylogenetic tree and protein sequence. The expression levels of
MdMYB32 in different apple fruits with different stress treatments were studied. We verified its function in anthocyanin biosynthesis by transgene and analyzed its interaction by yeast one-hybrid. [Result] The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of
MdMYB32 in ‘Hongcui No. 9’ with high anthocyanin content was lower than that in ‘Hongcui No. 6’ with low anthocyanin content. The expression level of
MdMYB32 was negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanin. Both salt stress and cold stress could inhibit the expression of
MdMYB32. The phylogenetic tree indicated that
MdMYB32,
AtMYB32,
MdMYB16 and
AtMYB4 were located in the same clade, and MdMYB32 protein contained an EAR inhibitory sequence at the C-terminus. Overexpressing
MdMYB32 in red-fleshed callus could inhibit the expression of
ANS and reduce the anthocyanin content. However, when we overexpressed LES
MdMYB32 (knocked out the EAR sequence of
MdMYB32) in red-fleshed callus, we found that it could not affect the expression of
ANS and the anthocyanin content. The yeast one-hybrid and Chip-PCR analyses showed that MdMYB32 and LESMdMYB32 could bind the promoter of
ANS. [Conclusion] MdMYB32 could bind the promoter of
ANS and inhibit the anthocyanin biosynthesis by its own EAR inhibitory sequence.
[Objective] WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants which functions in the regulation of various physiological programs, including pathogen defense, growth, development and abiotic stresses. Wheat transcription factor
TaWRKY33 can enhance the drought and heat tolerance in transgenic
Arabidopsis. To further investigate its function and stress response mechanism, this article studied its salt tolerance and screened the wheat cDNA library to obtain its putative interacting proteins by the yeast two-hybrid system. Meanwhile, dual luciferase system was used to detect the transcriptional activities of TaWRKY33 transcription factors. [Method]
TaWRKY33 was tested under salt stress using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based on SYBR Green I technology. The coding sequence of
TaWRKY33 was cloned into pBI121 driven by CaMV35S promoter. The construct was transformed mediated by
Agrobacterium into
Arabidopsis plants (Col-0) to obtain transgenic lines. Meanwhile, pWMB110-
TaWRKY33 binary vector was used to create the over expressed wheat lines. The homozygous T
3 seeds of
Arabidopsis transgenic lines and T
2 wheat overexpression lines were used for salt tolerance analysis. The wheat cDNA was used as the template for amplifying the
TaWRKY33 coding sequence, and the bait plasmid pGBKT7-TaWRKY33 was constructed. We transformed the recombinant plasmid and cDNA library into yeast cell AH109. We screened positive clones via the SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade and SD/Raf/Gal/X-α-gal plates. The predicted clones were sequenced and analyzed by BLAST. The protoplasts of wheat were prepared, and the reporters and effector plasmids were transformed by transient expression experiments, and the relative fluorescence values were calculated to illustrate transcription activity of transcription factors. [Result] The qRT-PCR analysis showed that
TaWRKY33 was induced by salt. The transient expression experiment of double luciferase showed that TaWRKY33 could activate the luciferase activity in wheat cells. From the perspective of functional analysis, formed longer roots compared with wild type plants, the fresh weight of the overexpressing
Arabidopsis was significantly different from that of wild type. Importantly, from the perspective of fresh weight, the relative electrical conductivity and Na
+ content in salt treatment showed that the wheat with overexpression of
TaWRKY33 had better salt tolerance than control. Through preliminary analysis, the candidate proteins screened by yeast two-hybrid system showed influence on signal transduction and immune process, which demonstrates that
TaWRKY33 plays an important role in stress signal transduction and gene transcription regulation in plants. [Conclusion] The salt-inducible
TaWRKY33 improved the salt tolerance in transgenic
Arabidopsis and wheat and it had potential transcriptional activation activity in cells; TaWRKY33 might function via interacting with a diverse array of protein partners.
The construction of rational population structures is an important cultivation basis to achieve high yield and quality of cotton. “Small-sized plant under high plant density”, “moderate-sized plant under moderate plant density” and “large-sized plant under low plant density” are three types of traditional cotton population structures in China, which have been widely used in China’s major cotton planting regions of Northwest inland, Yellow River valley and Yangtze River valley, respectively, and have played key roles in achieving stable and high yields of cotton in China. However, in the new era of cotton industry development, such disadvantages appear that the traditional population structures are not suitable for grouped harvesting as well as both fiber quality and production efficiency improvements. The exploration of new population structures has become an important approach in the new period of cotton cultivation. In this paper, we concisely reviewed the main features and the disadvantages of traditional population structures. Based on the needs of light and cost-saving cultivation as well as quality improving and efficiency increasing in the new era, it is suggested that constructing three new types of population structures adapted to grouped harvesting, “reduced plant density with healthy plants”, “robust plant under increased plant density”, and “short and strong plant under direct seeding and high plant density” to substitute the three traditional structures. On this basis, the key indicators and regulation technologies of the three new population structures are mainly discussed, and the future development of the new population structures both in research and practice are also prospected.
The Yangtze River Basin is the main producing area of rapeseed in China, where the rapeseed area and total output accounts for about 90% of those of China. Compared with the developed country, directly-sown rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin of China had lower density, lower yield, and lower mechanical rate but a higher fertilizer rate and higher labour costs. The high production costs, low economic performance resulted in farmers’ negative attitude toward planting rapeseed, which hindered the development of rapeseed production in this area. In recent years, the production practice all over the place showed that higher plant density was an effective measure to promote plant benefit and narrow the yield gap with the developed country. Based on relevant studies, this article summarized the effects and mechanism of higher plant density on rapeseed yield, seed quality, the resistance of stem lodging and pod shattering, nitrogen and radiation use efficiency, stem rot caused by
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and weed occurrence. Based on this summary, the cultivation techniques that “the higher density can increase yield, compensate for late planting, adequately control weeds, lower nitrogen requirement, increase lodging resistance and facilitate mechanized harvesting” were brought forward, which could provide theoretical basis on establishing rapeseed population with high yield and high lodging resistance, and technical support for simple and efficient production of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin of China.
